Which type of assessment evaluates what a student has learned after instruction, using tests or activities?

• A. Summative Assessment
• B. Formative Assessment
• C. Diagnostic Assessment
• D. Benchmark Assessment

Answer: (A)

Summative assessments are used after instruction to determine what students have learned. They typically occur at the end of a unit or course and use tests, performances, or projects to measure mastery, with results often contributing to a final grade. This contrasts with formative assessment, which happens during instruction to guide teaching and provide feedback; diagnostic assessment, which is used before instruction to identify gaps in prior knowledge; and benchmark assessments, which check progress toward standards at set intervals throughout a course.