Theorist who developed a hierarchy of needs is:

• A. Abraham Maslow
• B. Carl Rogers
• C. Erik Erikson
• D. Sigmund Freud

Answer: (A)

Maslow's hierarchy of needs explains motivation as a progression from basic survival requirements to self-fulfillment. He pictured a pyramid with physiological needs at the bottom, then safety, belonging, esteem, and finally self-actualization at the top. In education, this means students are more ready to learn when their basic needs are met; if hunger, safety, or social belonging are lacking, attention and motivation drop. By creating a safe, supportive classroom where students feel valued, teachers help learners move toward higher-level understanding and growth. Carl Rogers emphasizes a warm, respectful environment and the development of a healthy self-concept, but he did not propose a hierarchical list of needs. Erik Erikson outlined psychosocial stages across the lifespan, each with a central conflict, rather than a fixed hierarchy. Sigmund Freud described psychosexual stages driven by early drives, not a hierarchy of needs.